The environmental consequences of incorrect battery disposal can be catastrophic. Landfilling batteries can lead to the leaching of toxic substances into soil and water, while poor handling poses fire risks and can release harmful emissions. Managing these risks requires the implementation of accessible collection networks and strict processing standards, as well as public awareness campaigns. Patricia Schröder, CEO of Circular Energy, a Producer Responsibility Organisation (PRO), outlines how this can be achieved.
The National Environmental Waste Management Act of 2008 identifies all battery chemistries as hazardous waste. Therefore, producers and users must abide by strict protocols for treatment, storage and transportation of these materials. While compliance is a basic requirement, it is not all-encompassing. A truly effective system demands a broader commitment to responsible practices and an understanding of the risks.
The introduction of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) regulations enabled a significant change in how battery waste is managed. It holds producers accountable for the entire lifecycle of their products. However, the practical impact of this depends on the commitment of the regulatory bodies. Minimal oversight and a focus solely on cost-reduction undermines the purpose of the regulations. A genuine commitment requires investing in robust tracking mechanisms, infrastructure, and a thorough check of end-of-life management processes.
Increasing safe and effective battery recycling, particularly for the rapidly growing volumes of lithium-ion batteries, presents many technical and logistical hurdles. These require proactive planning, specialised infrastructure, and appropriate technological capabilities within South Africa. Delaying these poses significant environmental and economic risks.
A truly sustainable approach to battery management must embody the principles of a circular economy. This means going beyond a linear ‘take-make-dispose’ model to one that extends the lifespan of batteries through refurbishment, repair and repurposing. When recycling is the only viable option, utilising clean, efficient technologies that maximise the recovery of valuable materials for reuse in the manufacturing process should be a priority. This reduces the reliance on virgin resources and minimises waste-generation.
Effective battery management cannot occur in isolation. It requires collaboration between government agencies, industry stakeholders, and the private sector. Government plays a crucial role in establishing clear, enforceable regulations, but industry must actively participate in implementing best practices and investing in sustainable solutions. The private sector – often the first point of contact for end-of-life materials – can improve collection rates and create economic opportunities in a safe and regulated manner.
Environmental protection is a major priority. Disadvantaged communities are often over-burdened by the negative impacts of hazardous waste. A responsible battery management system must prioritise their protection, ensuring that collection and processing of battery waste do not create new environmental or health hazards in these areas. Integrating these communities into the value chain through safe and dignified work opportunities is also crucial.
Preventing hazardous materials from batteries being discarded in landfills or contaminating water sources requires a shift in how we view and handle battery waste. It requires a commitment to existing legislation, along with proactive measures to keep batteries out of conventional waste streams. This can be achieved by setting up accessible collection points and effective recycling programmes.
While South Africa has made strides in developing local battery processing capabilities, the complexity of certain battery chemistries may still require international collaborations for specialised material refining. However, the long-term goal should be to bolster local capacity to handle the majority of end-of-life battery streams.
Transparency and traceability are essential in building trust and ensuring accountability within the battery management system. Implementing tracking and auditing mechanisms throughout the battery lifecycle – from collection to final processing – provides important data and allows for continuous improvement.
Looking to the future, a holistic end-of-life battery management system forms part and parcel of South Africa’s Just Energy Transition. With the increase in renewable energy storage and electric vehicles, a well-run system will be essential in ensuring the environmental sustainability of this transition.
Ultimately, the responsibility for effective battery management belongs to all stakeholders. Businesses must prioritise responsible disposal and comply with legislation, and households need to be educated and empowered to take part in collection initiatives. By recognising the value in end-of-life batteries and working together, South Africa can transform this challenge into an opportunity for environmental stewardship, economic growth, and a truly sustainable energy future.
Click here for more information about responsible management of your battery waste.
