According to World Population Review 2025 data, the term “developed country” is often associated with high-income economies and advanced infrastructure. However, this definition does not fully capture the broader, multidimensional nature of development.
To measure progress more accurately, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) evaluates countries across income, literacy rate, life expectancy, political stability, and access to essential services such as electricity and healthcare.
These indicators are aggregated into the Human Development Index (HDI), providing a comprehensive assessment of a country’s ability to improve the well-being and quality of life of its population.
Island Nations Lead the Continent
Leading Africa’s development rankings are the island nations of Seychelles and Mauritius, which top the continent in HDI and per capita income. Seychelles records an HDI of 0.848 and a nominal GNI per capita of $12,850, followed by Mauritius with an HDI of 0.806 and GNI per capita of $17,460.
While their relatively small populations may allow for more even distribution of resources, these countries illustrate how targeted policy interventions and sustained investment in education, healthcare, and infrastructure can translate into measurable improvements in living standards.
Continental Leaders: South Africa, Libya, Egypt, and Gabon
On continental Africa, several countries have made measured but uneven progress in 2025. South Africa, the continent’s most industrialized economy, combines a diversified industrial base, a sophisticated financial sector, and advanced infrastructure, with an HDI of 0.741 and GNI per capita of $6,100.
Despite persistent social inequality and high unemployment, and experiencing slow growth and near-stagnation in 2025, South Africa continues to be recognized as Africa’s most structurally advanced economy.
Similarly, Libya is showing a rapid recovery from the post-Gaddafi era, rebuilding institutions and infrastructure while restoring economic stability. Its HDI of 0.721 and GNI per capita of $6,310 reflects progress after years of political and economic disruption.
In contrast, Egypt, despite a population exceeding 110 million, continues to prioritize human development through targeted investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure. Its HDI of 0.754 and GNI per capita of $3,510 demonstrates how populous nations can improve living standards when policy and investment are aligned with human development objectives.
Meanwhile, Gabon, classified as an upper-middle-income country due to oil revenues, has one of Africa’s highest urbanization rates (80%) and a youthful population, with half under 20. Its HDI of 0.733 reflects both resource wealth and targeted social investment.
General Insights
Together, these rankings provide a relative measure of development within Africa, showing which countries have most effectively translated governance, policy, and investment into tangible human development outcomes.
From Seychelles to Morocco, these nations illustrate clear progress in health, education, and income, even as broader structural challenges persist.
